Remarkably, fossil shark teeth are also incredibly abundant. Sharks ruled the earth's oceans for 400 million years, and every individual grows and sheds thousands of teeth in their lifetime.

Led by Taro Matsuo, the researchers employed advanced computational chemical simulations to estimate how light filtered through Earth’s oceans during the Archean era, 4–2.5 billion years ago.

Organic ligands in whale excrement support iron availability and reduce copper toxicity to the surface ocean. Communications Earth & Environment, 2025; 6 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01965-9 ...

Sharks have ruled the Earth’s oceans for 400 million years and recent research on fossilized shark teeth has led to the discovery of an innovative method for dating ancient sediments.

Using computer models of ocean tides over the past 21,000 years – back to the peak of the last ice age – we found that each of these mud patches formed at different times.

Researchers led by Yair Rosenthal at Rutgers University reconstructed temperatures in one part of the Pacific Ocean and found that its middle depths have been warming some 15 times faster over the ...