Signs of ovulation include cramping, breast tenderness, increased sex drive, moodiness, changes in cervical mucous, spotting, ...

More information: Effects of menstual cycle phases and reproductive aging stages on arousal symptoms: observations from the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study, Menopause (2025). DOI: 10.1097/GME ...

Scientists have assembled a lab system from living tissue that can replicate a woman's 28-day hormonal cycle. The goal is to use the system to find new ways to treat a host of women's health problems.

This environment allowed cells that would normally die in a petri dish—suffocating amid their own cellular waste—to stay alive for a standard 28-day reproductive cycle.

There is no good animal model for the 28-day human reproductive cycle, says Teresa Woodruff, a reproductive scientist at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois, and a co-author of the study.

Mucosal Immunology - The reproductive cycle is a pathogenic determinant during gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease in mice Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature.com.

Cells that would die in a petri dish stayed alive for a standard 28-day reproductive cycle. The researchers jump-started the system's chemical communications with an injection of pituitary hormone.

A simulated female reproductive system behaves almost like the real thing over 28 days. “Menstruation in a dish is one of my goals,” says Julie Kim of Northwestern University in Chicago.