We believe that the irrigation of the bladder induced the urothelium disruption leading to a massive fluid absorption (approximately 5 liters), responsible for the serious hemodynamic effects ...

Dr. Rajesh Kumar Reddy Adapala explained, “Constant and chronic irritation leads to few changes in the bladder inner lining, urothelium. Initial change is squamous metaplasia and if irritation ...

To our knowledge, this is the first report of fatal fluid overload and pulmonary edema, due to urothelium disruption occurring during bladder irrigation, approached performing complete ...