Recent industry data indicating that biological formulations containing polysorbate and a divalent-cation chelating buffer may exhibit low endotoxin recovery (LER) (1) have resulted from a 2012 FDA ...

Endotoxin refers to a component of the outer cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria called lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS is the biologically active portion of naturally occurring endotoxin complexes.

The endotoxin in a sample can be estimated by comparing the time it takes to reach a defined level of turbidity to the times obtained from a series of endotoxin standards (standard curve).” ...

In all cases, a protein purity level of >85% was obtained from one-step purification. Low endotoxin levels of 0.01 EU/µg were achieved without additional endotoxin removal steps (Figure 2). Figure 3.

The discovery of the host sensors — the Toll-like receptors — was rooted in chemical, biological and genetic analyses that centred on a bacterial poison, termed endotoxin.

The horseshoe crab is a living fossil, but it supplies factors that are still crucial to endotoxin tests. Crab protection, then, is a biomedical priority, at least until animal-free alternatives ...

Here are the major official actions related to endotoxins that the US Food and Drug Administration and the US Pharmacopeia took between 2012 and 2024.

With the use of commercially prepared endotoxin derived from Escherichia coli 0111 (phenol-water extraction) it was found that 1 microgm. of endotoxin produced positive reactions in 5 of 6 rabbits ...

Purpose It is well known that endotoxins in storage medium may stimulate cytokine production and expression of adhesion molecules as well as endothelial damage in human corneal grafts. It has been ...

Plants detect bacterial endotoxin in similar process to mammals Date: March 3, 2015 Source: Technische Universitaet Muenchen Summary: Similar to humans and animals, plants possess an innate immune ...

Every human who has medical intervention has benefited from horseshoe crabs. That’s right. For decades, the fossil-looking, blue-blooded arthropod has played an integral role in endotoxin testing.