The cranial drawer sign is pathognomonic for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL). In some cases, however, a crisp endpoint to the cranial drawer motion and a sluggish caudal drawer ...

Cranial kinesis allows modern birds to eat a wider variety of foods and use their beaks as multifunctional tools.

There are two typical clinical presentations of cranial cruciate ligament rupture. The more common presentation occurs in older (7–10-year-old) large dogs, especially if overweight, in which the ...