Review question We reviewed the evidence for suppression of the stress system/hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (how often does it happen? how long does the suppression persist?) after ...

Released by the adrenal cortex via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, cortisol helps maintain homeostasis during stress by modulating metabolism, inflammation, and immune activity.

So, impairing the HPA axis can affect how you process stress. This, in turn, may promote the development of anxiety disorders and depression.

Objective Less than half of servicewomen report loss of menses during initial military training. However, self-reported menstrual status may not accurately reflect hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) ...

Chronic stress can cause negative effects over time due to a mechanism of prolonged cortisol release, which causes desensitization of the HPA axis over time. An underlying mechanism that causes ...

Clascoterone cream 1% caused mild, reversible hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression under maximum-use exposure in patients with acne vulgaris, according to a study.“The FDA looked ...

Stress hormones can become elevated in response to stressors. Learn more about the function, effects, and potential consequences of stress hormones.

When the HPA axis is functioning normally, the release of cortisol follows a daily, or diurnal, cycle. Cortisol levels increase upon waking, which is the cortisol awakening response (CAR).

The HPA axis is responsible for adjusting the balance of hormones in response to stress. During a stress response, a part of your brain known as the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing ...