Ionization is a fundamental physical process where atoms or molecules lose electrons and become charged particles. This phenomenon plays a vital role in various natural and technological contexts—from ...

Creative Commons (CC): This is a Creative Commons license. Attribution (BY): Credit must be given to the creator. A previous comparative study between helium and nitrogen as nebulizing and desolvation ...

To ensure the best results, start with high-quality filtered water. Use a water filtration system or purchase filtered water to remove any impurities, chemicals, or contaminants that may affect the ...

Researchers have achieved real-time capture of the ionization process and subsequent structural changes in gas-phase molecules through an enhanced mega-electronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction (MeV ...

For the experiment, an intense femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulse was employed to induce resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization in 1,3-dibromopropane (1,3-DBP) molecules. The picosecond and ...

Abstract: Bipolar carrier models for charge transport simulation in polymers have been developed for several years, but rarely consider the effect of ionization charges inside the polymer. In this ...