The equipment from extraction can be a series of countercurrent stages, each consisting of a mixer and a decanter or settler, arranged in a countercurrent cascade, or in a tray or packed …

Factors affecting extraction: facial tension, Toxic Operating conditions. Mode of operation. Extractor type.

Figure2 is a schematic diagram of a countercurrent extraction cascade. Extract and raffinate streams flow from stage to stage in countercurrent fashion and yield two final products, …

Theseparation column for countercurrent gas extraction is operated similar to other countercurrent separation devices. The main differences stem from the high pressure, which poses problems, …

We present a new MCCE design that integrates segmented ∼ ow fl mixing and membrane-based phase separators to achieve equilibrium extraction at each stage. Multichannel peristaltic …

Its sim-plicity made it easier to tackle more complex problems involving both forward and back extraction. When the individual flows are counter current, the minimum number of stages or …

While the gradual displacement of the Craig countercurrent separation train by ever more powerful and convenient chromatographic techniques was per-haps inevitable, the rotavap …